Genetic engineering is the process of using different technology (direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology) to change the genetic makeup of an organism (an animal, plant or a bacterium). It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells like the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce new organisms. Genes may be removed, or "knocked out", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations. An organism that is created through genetic engineering is called a genetically modified organism (GMO). Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in various fields like research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in genetically modified cells.