Curriculum & Exam Preparation Note: Regular practice of NCERT textbook exercises and chapter-end questions establishes strong conceptual clarity for primary and secondary examinations.
- Prophase = longest
- Anaphase = Shortest
- Kappa particle – Paramecium (acidobacter taeniospiralis)
- Sigma particle - Drosophila
- Leptotene - Bouquet stage, Attachment plaque, beaded structure
- Zygotene - Synapsis, zippering, Synaptonemal complex . chromonemeta (bivalent chromosome)
- Pachytine - crossing over, recombination nodule, long lasting
- Diplotene - terminalization, chromation decondes & RNA synthesis
- Diakenesis - Chromosome end detach from nuclear membrane, chiasma formed.
- Diagenic – father ⇾ daughter ⇾ grandson
- Diacentric – mother ⇾ son ⇾ granddaughter
- Hologeneic – Mother ⇾ Daughter ⇾ Grand Daughter
- Holoandric – father ⇾ son ⇾ grandson
- Metaxenia – effect of pollen on seed coat.
- Xenia – effect of pollen on endosperm
- Cell wall removed gm (positive) ⇾ Protoplast
- Cell wall removed gm (negative) ⇾ Spheroblast
- Chlorophyll Absorb red light – Carotene
- Phaeoplast Absorb green light – Fucoxanthin
- Rhodoplast Absorb blue light – phycoerythrin