DNA finger printing
(1) Alec Jeffreys et al (1985) developed the procedure of genetic analysis and forensic medicine, called DNA finger printing. (2) It is individual specific DNA identification which is made possible...
Genetic Code
(1) Term genetic code was given by George Gamow (1954). He was the first to propose the triplet code (one codon consists of three nitrogen bases). (2) The relationship between the sequence of amino...
Atomic Physics
e/m of an electron (Thomson Method):- (a) e/m of a particle is called the specific charge of the particle. e/m = v/rB Here, r is the radius of curvature, B is the strength of magnetic field, v is the...
Instantaneous velocity
V=√u2+g2t2 If β be the angle which V makes with the horizontal, then, β = tan-1(-gt/u) Projectile fired at angle α with the vertical:- Time of Ascent, t = (u cosα)/g Total time of Flight, T = (2u...
Gravitation and Projectile
Gravitation:- Kepler’s first law (law of elliptical orbit):- A planet moves round the sun in an elliptical orbit with sun situated at one of its foci. Kepler’s second law (law of areal velocities):-...
Parathyroid gland
(1) Hormones of parathyroid: - Active hormone secreted by parathyroids is parathormone (PTH), also called Collip's Hormone (Phillips collip, 1925). (2) Irregularities of parathormones (a)...
Thyroid gland
(1) The name "thyroid" was introduced by Thomas Wharton (1656). (2) It is derived from Greek "Thyreos" a shield. (3) Location: - This is the largest endocrine gland of our body. It is located in our...
Aluminum
Introduction => The metal with color silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, and ductile metal property, is known as aluminum. => The symbol of aluminum is ‘Al’ and its atomic number is ‘13.’ => The...
Proteins
Introduction => Proteins, which are basically biomolecules, play wide range of functions in the body of a living organism. => Proteins are made up of tiny elements of different types of amino acids....
Structural Organisation in Animals
Epithelial Tissues An epithelium is a tissue composed of one or more layers of cells that cover the body surface and lines its various cavities. It serves for protection, secretion and excretion. The...
Friction
=> Friction is result of the irregularities on the two surfaces in contact of each other. => The force of friction is dependent on the irregularities of the surface; if it is greater, then the...
Sodium
=> Sodium is a soft, silvery color, and highly reactive alkali metal. => In the periodic table, Sodium is kept in group 1, as it has single electron in its outer shell. => The symbol of sodium is...
Myopathic gait
A myopathic gait (a.k.a. waddling gait or Trendelenburg gait) occurs due to weakness of the hip abductors resulting in a waddling appearance. Hip abductor weakness results in an inability to...
Tissues
are categorized as Plant Tissue Animal Tissue Plant Tissue Following are the major types of plant tissue :- => Meristematic Tissues => Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Tissues => Parenchyma =>...
Physical Properties of Alkali Metals
=> These are soft in nature and can be cut with the help of knife except the lithium. => The atoms of alkali metals have the largest size in their respective periods. => The first ionization energy...
Steps of recombinant DNA technology
(1) Isolating a useful DNA segment from the donor organism. (2) Splicing it into a suitable vector under conditions to ensure that each vector receives no more than one DNA fragment. (3) Producing of...
Important One Liners on Structure of a Sperm
▪️ The body of sperm is covered by plasma membrane or cell membrane. ▪️ Sperm can be divided into 4 parts namely: head, neck, middle piece and tail. The haploid nucleus is present in the head....
Force and Laws of Motion
Introduction => If we apply a force on an object, it may change its position or/and shape as well. => Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton explained a different approach to understand motion and applied...
Formulas related to energy and work
Fd = k.e mgh = 1/2 mv² E = 1/2 kx² E = Ve E = nhf E = nhc/lambda E = Pc K.e = hf - work function = hf - hf° = hf - hc/w° (here w° is cutt off wavelength) E = 1/2 Pv mv²/2r= Fc/2 K.E/r = Fc/2 K.E =...
Formulas related to force
F = ma F = kx F = m(vf² - vi²/2S) F = mv/t F = md/t² F = m(vf - vi) /t F = Area × density × velocity² F = 1/2 mv²/d F = 1/2 Pv/d F = Power/velocity Fc = mv²/r Fc = mrw² Fc/2 = mv²/2r Fc = 2K.E/r F =...