ISC Class 12 Commerce Syllabus
Paper 1 - Theory
Theory paper is of 3 hours duration and 80 marks. There are 4 units in the syllabus: (i) Business Environment (ii) Financing (iii) Management (iv) Marketing.
1. Business Environment
Concept, and importance of Business Environment.
Meaning, features and importance of Business Environment;
Dimensions of Business Environment - Micro (Internal and External factors) and Macro (Economic, social, technological, political and legal) - meaning and components.
S.W.O.T. Analysis - A basic understanding of S.W.O.T. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) Analysis.
2. Financing
(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader; partnership; Joint Stock Company; financial planning.
(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Company.
- Different types of shares: equity, preference. Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, Sweat Equity Shares, Retained earnings.
- Loan capital: debentures.
- Loans from commercial banks and Financial Institutions.
- Short-term sources of funds.
(iii) Banking - latest trends.
3. Management
(i) Management: Meaning, objectives and characteristics of management.
Meaning of Management: as an activity; as a group; as a discipline; as a process. Objectives and characteristics of management.
(ii) Nature of Management - Science, Art and Profession.
(iii) Importance of Management.
(iv) Principles of Management: nature of principles; need for principles.
Nature of principles of Management; need for principles of management; Taylor’s 5 scientific principles of Management; Fayol’s 14 principles of Management; Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s principles.
(v) Functions of Management: Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling and Coordinating.
4. Marketing
(i) Marketing: concept and functions.
Meaning and types of markets; meaning and features of marketing. Marketing concepts: traditional v/s modern - meaning and features of traditional and modern concepts of marketing. Comparison between marketing and selling. Objectives and importance of marketing; functions of marketing - meaning, features of each function of marketing.
(ii) Marketing Mix.
Product Mix - goods and services - meaning, features and types of goods; meaning, features of services; difference between product and services. Branding: meaning and merits. Labeling: meaning and merits. Packaging: meaning and features of good packaging.
Price Mix - meaning, factors determining price.
Place Mix - meaning, channel of distribution choice of channels of distribution and physical distribution.
Promotion Mix - Meaning and elements.
Elements - Advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and publicity - meaning, features, objectives and differences.
(iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers, methods of consumer protection.
Need for consumer protection; methods of consumer protection - self-help, legislative measures and consumer associations/NGOs, Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - Rights of consumers.
The Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (National, State and District).
Paper II – Project Work
Paper II – Project Work 20 Marks
The project work will be assessed by the teacher and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and approved by the Council.
| Overall format | 1 mark |
| Content | 4 marks |
| Findings | 2 marks |
| Viva-voce based on the Project | 3 marks |