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KC Sinha: Exercise 6.2- Mathematics Solution Class 12 Chapter 6 सारणिक

[mathjax] Question 1 त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल निकालें जिसके शीर्ष निम्नलिखित हैं : [Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are :] (i) (-2,4),(2,-6),(5,4) Sol : <to be added> Diagram...

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Applicable Grade Class 12
Medium English & Hindi
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[mathjax]

Question 1

त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल निकालें जिसके शीर्ष निम्नलिखित हैं :

[Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are :]

(i) (-2,4),(2,-6),(5,4)
Sol :
<to be added>
Diagram

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}x_{1} & y_{1} & 1 \\ x_{2} & y_{2} & 1 \\ x_{3} & y_{3} & 1\end{array}\right|$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}-2 & 4 & 1 \\ 2 & -6 & 1 \\ 5 & 4 & 1\end{array} \right|$

R1→R1-R2 , R2→R2-R3
$=\frac{1}{2} \left| \begin{array}{ccc}-4 & 10 & 0 \\ -3 & -10 & 0 \\ 5 & 4 & 1\end{array}\right|$

C3 के सापेक्ष विस्तार करने पर ,

⃤  ABC का $=\frac{1}{2} \times 1\left|\begin{array}{cc}-4 & 10 \\ -3 & -10\end{array}\right|$

$=\frac{1}{2}(40+30)$

$=\frac{1}{2} \times 70$

35 वर्ग इकाई

(ii) (2,7),(1,1),(10,8)
Sol :

(iii) (1,0),(6,0),(4,3)

Sol :

(iv) (1,4),(2,3),(-5,-3)

Sol :

(v) (-3,2),(5,4),(7,-6)

Sol :

(vi) (1,4),(2,3),(-5,-3)

Sol :

(vii) (3,1),(4,3),(-5,4)

Sol :

(viii) (3,8),(-4,2),(5,1)

Sol :

Question 2

x का मान निकालें यदि त्रिभुज जिसके शीर्ष (x, 4),(2,-6) तथा (5,4)  हैं का क्षेत्रफल 35 वर्ग इकाई है ।

[Find the value of x if the area of triangle is 35sq units whose vertices are (x,4),(2,-6) and (5,4)]
Sol :
<to be added>
Diagram

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}x_1 & y_1 & 1 \\ x_{2} & y_{2} & 1 \\ x_{3} & y_{2} & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 35$

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}x & 4 & 1 \\ 2 & -6 & 1 \\ 5 & 4 & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 70$

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}x-2 & 10 & 0 \\ -3 & -10 & 0 \\ 5 & 4 & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 70$

C3 के सापेक्ष विस्तार करने पर ,

$\left|\begin{array}{cc}x-2 & 10 \\ -3 & -10\end{array}\right|=\pm 70$

⇒-10x+20+30=±70

⇒-10x+50=±70

⇒-10x+50=+70

⇒-10x=20

⇒$x=\dfrac{20}{-10}=-2$

⇒-10x+50=-70

Question 3

साबित करें कि उस त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल जिसके शीर्ष (t, t-2),(t+3, t) तथा (t+2, t+2) हैं, 1 से स्वतंत्र है ।

[Show that the area of the triangle whose vertices are (t,t-2) ,(t+3,t) and (t+2,t+2) is independent of t ]

Sol :
<to be added>

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}t & t-2 & 1 \\ t+3 & t & 1 \\ t+2 & t+2 & 1\end{array}\right|$

R1→R1-R2 , R2→R2-R3

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}-3 & -2 & 0 \\ 1 & -2 & 0 \\ t+2 & t+2 & 1\end{array}\right|$

Expanding along C3

<to be added>

$=\frac{1}{2}(1)\left|\begin{array}{rr}-3 & -2 \\ 1 & -2\end{array}\right|$

$=\frac{1}{2}(6+2)$

$=\frac{1}{2} \times 8$

4 वर्ग इकाई

Question 4

k का मान निकालें यदि त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल 4 वर्ग इकाई तथा शीर्ष निम्नलिखित है:[Find the value of k if area of triangle is 4 sq units and vertices are :]

(i) (-2,0)(0,4)(0,k)
Sol :
<to be added>
Diagram

4 वर्ग इकाई

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{cccc}-2 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 4 & 1 \\ 0 & k & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 4$

$-2\left|\begin{array}{cc}4 & 1 \\ k & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 8$

-2(4-k)=±8

-8+2k=±8

$\begin{array}{r|l}-8+2 k=8 &-8+2k=-8\\2 k=16 &k=\frac{0}{2} \\k=\frac{16}{2}&k=0\\k=8\end{array}$

(ii) (k,0)(0,2)(4,0)
Sol :

Question 5

जाँच करें कि निम्नलिखित बिन्दुएँ संरेख है या नही ं

[Examine whether following points are collinear or not :]

(i) (2,5),(-5,-2),(-1,2)
Sol :
Let A(2,5), B(-5,-2) and C(-1,2) are three points

<to be added>

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}x_{1} & y_{1} & 1 \\ x_{2} & y_{2} & 1 \\ x_{3} & y_{3} & 1\end{array}\right|$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}2 & 5 & 1 \\ -5 & -2 & 1 \\ -1 & 2 & 1\end{array}\right|$

R1→R1-R2 , R2→R2-R3

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{rrr}7 & 7 & 0 \\ -4 & -4 & 0 \\ -1 & 2 & 1\end{array}\right|$

C3 के सापेक्ष विस्तार करने पर ,

$=\frac{1}{2}(1)\left|\begin{array}{cc}7 & 7 \\ -4 & -4\end{array}\right|$

$=\dfrac{1}{2}(-28+28)$

=0

<to be added>

(ii) (-3,2),(-5,-4),(7,-6)
Sol :

(iii) (1,5),(2,4),(3,3)
Sol :

Question 6

साबित करें कि बिन्दुएँ (a,b+c),(b,c+a) तथा (c,a+b) संरेख है।

[Prove that the points (a,b+c),(b,c+a) and (c,a+b) are collinear]
Sol :
Let the points are (a,b+c),(b,c+a) and (c,a+b)

<to be added>

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a & b+c & 1 \\ b & c+a & 1 \\ c & a+b & 1\end{array}\right|$

$C_{2} \rightarrow C_{2}+C_{1}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a & a+b+c & 1 \\ b & a+b+ c & 1 \\ c & a+b+c & 1\end{array}\right|$

$C_{2} \rightarrow C_{2}+C_{1}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a & a+b+c & 1 \\ b & a+b+c & 1 \\ c & a+b+c & 1\end{array}\right|$

$=\frac{1}{2} \times 0=0$

Question 7
यदि बिन्दुएँ (a,b),(a1,b1) तथा (a-a1 , b-b1) संरेख हैं तो दिखाएँ कि
[If the points (a,b),(a1,b1) and (a-a1 , b-b1)] are collinear , show that .]
$\frac{a}{a_{1}}=\frac{b}{b_{1}}$\
Sol :
∵(a,b),(a1,b1) तथा (a-a1 , b-b1) संरेख हैं
$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{lll}a & b & 1 \\ a_{1} & b_{1} & 1 \\ a-a_1 & b-b_{1} & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

R1→R1-R2-R3

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}0 & 0 & -1 \\ a_{1} & b_{1} & 1 \\ a_-a{_{1}} & b-b_{1} & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

R1 के सापेक्ष विस्तार करने पर ,

$-\left|\begin{array}{cc}a_{1} & b_{1} \\ a-a_{1} & b-b_{1}\end{array}\right|=0$

a1(b-b1)-b1(a-a1)=0

a1b-a1b1-b1a+a1b1=0

-b1a=-a1b

$\frac{a}{a_{1}}=\frac{b}{b_{1}}$

Question 8

बिन्दुएँ (a,0),(0,b) तथा (x,y) सरीख है यदि $\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1$
[Show that the points (a,0),(0,b) and (x,y) are collinear if $\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}=1$]
Sol :
माना बिन्दुएँ (a,0),(0,b) तथा (x,y) सरीख है

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & b & 1 \\ x & y & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

$\left|\begin{array}{lll}a & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & b & 1 \\ x & y & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

Expanding along R1

$a\left|\begin{array}{ll}b & 1 \\ y & 1\end{array}\right|+1\left|\begin{array}{ll}0 & b \\ x & y\end{array}\right|=0$

⇒a(b-y)+1(0-bx)=0

⇒ab-ay-bx=0

⇒ab=bx+ay

⇒$1=\frac{b x+a y}{a b}$

⇒$1=\frac{b x}{a b}+\frac{a y}{a b}$

⇒$1=\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}$

Question 9

k का किस मान के लिए बिन्दुएँ (1,4) तथा (-3 , 16) संरेख है ।
[For what value of k , the points (1,4) and (-3 , 16) are collinear]
Sol :
माना बिन्दुएँ (1,4) तथा (-3 , 16) सरीख है

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{rrr}1 & 4 & 1 \\ k & -2 & 1 \\ -3 & 16 & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

R1→R1-R2 , R2→R2-R3

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1-k & 6 & 0 \\ k+3 & -18 & 0 \\ -3 & 16 & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

⇒C3 के सापेक्ष विस्तार करने पर ,

⇒$\left|\begin{array}{cc}1-k & 6 \\ k+3 & -18\end{array}\right|=0$

⇒-18(1-k)-6(k+3)=0

⇒-18+18k-6k-18=0

⇒12k-36=0

⇒12k=36

⇒$k=\frac{36}{12}=3$

t का मान निकाले जिसके लिए बिन्दुएँ (1,-1) , (3,-3) तथा (t,2)  संरेख है
[Find the value of t for which the points (1,-1) , (3,-3) and (t,2) are collinear ]

Sol :

माना बिन्दुएँ (1,-1) , (3,-3) तथा (t,2) संरेख है

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1 & -1 & 1 \\ 3 & -3 & 1 \\ t & 2 & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

R1→R1-R2 , R2→R2-R3

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}-2 & 2 & 0 \\ 3-t & -5 & 0 \\ t & 2 & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

Expanding along C3

$1\left|\begin{array}{cc}-2 & 2 \\ 3-t & -5\end{array}\right|=0$
⇒10-2(3-t)=0
⇒-2(3-t)=-10
⇒3-t=5
⇒-t=5-3
⇒-t=2
⇒t=-2

Question 11

सारणिक का प्रयोग कर (3,1) तथा (9,3) को मिलानेवाली रेखा का समीकरण निकालें ।

[Find the equation of the line joining (3,1) and (9,3) using determinants.]
Sol :
<to be added>

Diagram2

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{lll}3 & 1 & 1 \\ 9 & 3 & 1 \\ x & y & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

$R_{1} \rightarrow R_{1}-\frac{1}{3} R_{2}$

$\left|\begin{array}{ccc}0 & 0 & \frac{2}{3} \\ 9 & 3 & 1 \\ x & y & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

Expanding along R1

$\frac{2}{3}\left|\begin{array}{ll}9 & 3 \\ x & y\end{array}\right|=0$

⇒9y-3x=0

⇒-3x+9y=0

⇒-3(x-3y)=0

⇒x-3y=0

Question 12

सारणिक का प्रयोग कर बिन्दुओं A(1,3) तथा B(0,0) से गुजरती हुई रेखा का समीकरण निकालें तथा k का मान निकाले यदि D(k, 0) एक ऐसा बिन्दु है ताकि त्रिभुज ABD का क्षेत्रफल 3 वर्ग इकाई है ।

[Find the equation of the line joining A(1,3) and B(0,0) using determinants and find k if D(k, 0) is a point such that area of triangle ABD is 3 sq. units.]

Sol :
<to be added>

Diagram

<to be added>

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1 & 3 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & y & 1\end{array}\right|=0$

Expanding along R2
$-1\left|\begin{array}{ll}1 & 3 \\ x & y\end{array}\right|=0$

⇒-(y-3x)=0
⇒3x-y=0

Diagram

<to be added>

$\frac{1}{2}\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1 & 3 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ k & 0 & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 3$

$\left|\begin{array}{lll}1 & 3 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ k & 0 & 1\end{array}\right|=\pm 6$

Expanding along R2

$-1\left|\begin{array}{ll}1 & 3 \\ k & 0\end{array}\right|=\pm 6$

⇒-(0-3k)=±6

⇒3k=±6

⇒k=±2

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